Course Materials

Culture-Centered AI 🗺️

Designing AI systems that travel well across cultures, regions, and the Global South — with fairness, accountability, and context.

AI and Culture — globe with interconnected cultural symbols
Seminar Leadership
30%
Reading Reflections
10%
Mini Projects
30%
Final Project & Symposium
30%

01 About This Course

Across the world, AI systems influence who is prosecuted, who is fired, and who receives medical treatment. Yet many of these systems are conceived for Silicon Valley contexts. They often fail to account for the realities of the Global South or rural America, constrain local creativity, and harm communities they were not designed for.

As designers and builders of AI, can we imagine systems that travel well across cultures and regions? How do we anticipate bias before deployment, and how do we guard against unintended consequences? What does equitable, accountable, and culturally grounded AI look like in practice?

In this seminar, students survey the research landscape on globally aware AI with a focus on interface and system design. Each week we read and discuss work on cross-cultural design, fairness and accountability, participatory and community-centered methods, and case studies from multiple regions. Students complete a research project that builds, evaluates, or theorizes a design of an AI system aimed at real-world use beyond the West.

Lectures include:

  • Concepts about culture and cultural models and how they influence design decisions in creating intelligent interfaces.
  • Practical knowledge on how to design and program AI-based interfaces for different cultures.
  • An overview of the different types of intelligent interfaces that exist and a deep understanding of where and how they can harm or benefit particular cultures.

02 Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will:

  • Have foundational knowledge about how culture and culture models should influence the design of intelligent interfaces.
  • Be aware of the role that history and tradition can play in designing intelligent interfaces.
  • Understand how particular intelligent interfaces can bring harms, conflicts, opportunities, and joy to particular cultures.
  • Understand the role that international policies and geopolitics play in deciding the type of intelligent interfaces to design.
  • Be able to discuss and analyze the impact culture can have on a given intelligent interface.
  • Identify how certain intelligent interfaces can promote racism, ableism, sexism, and be overall problematic for certain cultures.
  • Discuss solutions to address cultural conflicts when designing intelligent interfaces.

03 Course Pedagogy

This course treats culture not as a fixed checklist of national traits, but as a dynamic system of values, histories, institutions, languages, identities, and everyday practices. We will examine how AI systems reflect cultural assumptions, how they travel across contexts, and how they can be redesigned to better support diverse communities.

Students will learn through seminar discussion, design critique, hands-on prototyping, case analysis, and reflective writing. The course combines critical reading with practical design work so that students can both analyze AI systems and imagine alternatives.

Learning experiences include:

  • Reading and discussing research on Human-AI Interaction, culture, fairness, accountability, and global AI systems.
  • Analyzing real-world AI systems and identifying cultural assumptions embedded in their design.
  • Critiquing AI interfaces for usability, trust, bias, accessibility, cultural fit, and potential harms.
  • Applying cultural analysis frameworks to understand how AI systems may affect different communities.
  • Using participatory and community-centered methods to imagine more accountable AI systems.
  • Creating design sketches, prototypes, or conceptual models for culturally aware AI interfaces.
  • Reflecting on how history, geopolitics, language, power, and local context shape AI design.

04 Skills Developed

By the end of the course, students will have practiced both critical and applied skills for designing culturally aware AI systems.

Students will develop skills in:

  • Culturally informed interface analysis.
  • Human-centered and participatory AI design.
  • Critical evaluation of AI harms, risks, and unintended consequences.
  • Comparative analysis of AI systems across cultural and regional contexts.
  • Designing AI systems that account for language, values, institutions, and local practices.
  • Communicating design decisions to technical and non-technical audiences.
  • Connecting theory, evidence, and design choices in a research project.

05 Final Project

The final project serves as a synthesis of the course. Students will identify a cultural challenge related to AI, investigate the needs and values of relevant stakeholders, and develop a project that proposes, evaluates, or theorizes a culturally aware AI system.

Projects may take several forms, including:

  • An interactive prototype of an AI-powered interface.
  • A design concept or system proposal grounded in course theories.
  • A comparative critique of an existing AI system across cultural contexts.
  • An empirical or qualitative study of how people experience AI in a specific community.
  • A theoretical framework for designing more culturally accountable AI systems.

Students will be expected to justify their design choices using course readings, cultural analysis, stakeholder needs, and evidence from their own research or evaluation.

03 Grading

Component
Weight
Seminar Leadership & Presentations — leading discussion on selected research papers
30%
Weekly Reading Reflections — readings, videos, and audios on AI and cultural contexts
10%
Mini Projects — hands-on exploration such as auditing a model for cultural bias
30%
Final Project & Symposium — deep-dive paper or artifact presented at a mini-conference
30%

04 Teach This Course

Want to teach this class at your own university? Please reuse, adapt, and share the slides, assignments, and course materials. Feedback on how the course works in your context is most welcome — please reach out by email.

This course material is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You are free to share and adapt the material for any purpose, provided appropriate credit is given. CC BY 4.0

05 Weekly Schedule & Assignments

Week 01 Introduction to Culture-Centered AI Design 🗺️ ↗ Slides

Course overview and objectives, what it means to think and work globally, understanding different types of work patterns for designing interfaces for different cultures, and examples of global work.

Introduction

Assignment 1: 1-Page Summary — Who You Are 📕

Submit a one-page summary including:

  • Your cultural and linguistic background.
  • Your background in intelligent user interfaces.
  • What you know or have done with artificial intelligence.
  • What you're looking to get out of class.
Reading

Assignment 2: Probing Cultural Bias & Algorithmic Homogenization 📘

Required Materials

Readings:

  • "Shakespeare in the Bush" by Laura Bohannan
  • "The Meaning of 'Culture'" by Joshua Rothman

Videos:

Reflection & Synthesis (400–600 Words)

Answer the following questions by drawing direct connections between the texts and the videos:

  1. The "Universal" Fallacy. In "Shakespeare in the Bush," Bohannan initially believes that human nature is "universally obvious." How does this mirror the data bias discussed in the Microsoft Research video regarding how LLMs represent (or misrepresent) 88% of the world's languages and cultures? What happens when a machine — or an anthropologist — assumes their logic is the "default" logic?
  2. The Cybernetic Loop. The "Cultural Map Maker" video describes a loop where we provide cultural data to AI and the AI's responses shape our behavior. Connect this to Joshua Rothman's discussion of culture as a "total way of life." If AI defaults to Western frameworks, how might this accelerate the "cultural homogenization" and the risk of "thin descriptions" replacing lived experiences?
  3. Metacultural Awareness. Monojit Choudhury (Microsoft Research) identifies three principles: Variational Awareness, Explication, and Negotiation. Use these three terms to analyze the interaction between Bohannan and the Tiv elders. At what point did Bohannan fail to "explicate" her uncertainty, and how did the Tiv elders use "negotiation" to reshape her story into their own cultural framework?
Submission & Evaluation: You will receive 100 points for submitting your assignment. If you are not able to explain your responses when asked in class, you will receive an automatic 0.
Week 02 Culture and AI ↗ Slides

This week covers the core concepts of culture and user behavior; the intersection of human culture and AI; real-world AI failures driven by cultural blindness; why cultural context is critical for AI design; and an introduction to the Layers of Culture framework.

Mini Project

Designing Culturally Aware AI Smart Glasses for Nigeria

Why This Assignment

AI systems are often designed using assumptions from the Global North — stable connectivity, individualistic norms, and standardized language. This project asks you to redesign an AI product for Nigeria using the Layers of Culture framework.

Scenario

Company: Apple  ·  Product: Project Sight, AI-integrated smart glasses  ·  Capabilities: real-time audio feedback, translation, navigation, task assistance  ·  Target context: Nigeria (Lagos or Abuja)

Deliverables (single PDF)
  1. Layers of Culture Table (30%) — Complete a two-column table for each layer (Nigeria context + concrete design implications). Layers: Task, Infrastructure, Legal, Market, Language, Culture. Avoid vague phrases like "make it culturally sensitive" without explanation.
  2. Hardware Mockup (30%) — A visual mockup of the smart glasses.
  3. Interface Mockup (30%) — What the user sees or hears while using the glasses.
  4. Written Design Justification (10%) — 350–600 words explaining how design decisions are shaped by each layer of culture. Reference all six layers.
Reading

Evaluating Western Design Frameworks

Evaluate the role and limitations of Western design frameworks when applied to diverse global populations.

Required Viewing
Critical Analysis Questions
  1. Standardization vs. Localization Paradox. If Apple or Google standardizes an AI interface for efficiency, are they bridging the digital divide or engaging in cultural imperialism? Using the Culture Layer, identify one specific AI interaction (e.g., a voice assistant's tone) that might feel helpful in California but could be perceived as disrespectful in your target country.
  2. Design as a Proxy for Infrastructure. When an AI wearable is "always-on" and "cloud-dependent," who are we accidentally excluding? How does its value change during a rolling blackout or in a region with high data costs? How must the UI communicate this limitation without making users feel like second-class customers?
  3. The Legal and Moral "Gray Zone." In many Global South countries, privacy laws are still evolving. Does a Big Tech company have a moral obligation to implement higher privacy standards than local law requires, or should they follow local norms, even if those allow for more surveillance?
Submission & Evaluation: 100 points for submitting the assignment. You will receive a 0 if you cannot engage with the content in class.
Week 03 Layers of Culture and Design ↗ Slides

This week covers how culture operates across different levels; Pace Layering and how systems change at different speeds; interactions between organizational cultures, national contexts, and technologies; and how cultural context informs inclusive and effective interface design.

Mini Project

Assignment 1: Final Project Definition

Submit a one-page summary of your final project idea — a culturally aware AI tool that addresses a real-world problem while accounting for cultural context, language, norms, infrastructure, and values.

Your one-pager should include:

  1. Project Title
  2. Problem Statement — the problem, why it matters, and where it occurs.
  3. Target Users and Cultural Context
  4. Proposed AI Solution — what it does, how people interact with it, and what it produces.
  5. Culturally Aware Design Elements — language, norms, infrastructure, privacy, community values, social expectations.
  6. Potential Stakeholders for Feedback — community groups, NGOs, cultural experts, etc.

Format: Max 1 page, PDF preferred. Teams may submit the same one-pager; each member submits individually.

This assignment counts toward your mini design projects grade. Your final project will be evaluated on the final submission, not this proposal.
Reading

Assignment 2: Reading and Reflection

Required Materials
Part 1 — The Anatomy of Stability vs. Innovation
  1. The Practice vs. The Value. Compare Hofstede's Onion Model (outward Practices vs. inner Values) to Brand's Pace Layering model. Why might an AI system that only updates its outward symbols fail if it does not remain grounded in the underlying values of the community it serves?
  2. Fast Learns, Slow Remembers. How can the mismatch between AI's rapid evolution and slowly-changing cultural rituals create friction, resistance, or distrust among users?
Part 2 — The Materiality of Cultural AI
  1. AI Adaptability and the Infrastructure Gap. Connect the argument that AI must understand more than surface-level cultural symbols to Verhulsdonck's discussion of material circumstances. How do connectivity, device access, and infrastructure influence the way users experience AI systems?
  2. Beyond Symbols. If an AI successfully adopts local slang but fails to understand local contexts and practices, why might users still perceive it as untrustworthy?
Part 3 — Insider Culture and the Ethical Mirror
  1. The Filter of Insider Knowledge. Can an AI meaningfully participate in a culture without understanding its underlying values, or is it simply performing a superficial imitation?
  2. AI as a Cultural Mirror. How can experience mapping and culturally aware design ensure AI systems account for hybrid contexts and diverse perspectives rather than reproducing dominant cultural assumptions?
Grading: 100 points for completion. Expected to discuss materials in class. Inability to participate results in a score of 0.
Week 04 Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and AI Interface Design ↗ Slides

This week covers what designers need to know about culture to create effective AI systems; comparing cultures across key dimensions; models of culture in HCI and AI research; Hofstede's six dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Long-Term Orientation, Indulgence vs. Restraint); and design exercises for different cultural contexts.

Mini Project

Assignment 1: Final Project Progress Presentation

Prepare a short 3-minute presentation giving an update on your final project. Explain what you will study, how you will study it, and how you plan to design for it. All team members must submit individually.

Mini Project

Assignment 2: Coding for Cultural Intelligence

Build a Cultural Logic Controller — a Python script that allows an AI system to dynamically shift its personality and decision-making priorities based on the cultural dimensions of its user.

Part 1 — Choose Your AI Role
  • Option A: The Health Coach — encouraging users to exercise or eat well.
  • Option B: The Financial Advisor — encouraging saving or investing.
  • Option C: The Technical Support Bot — helping users fix a broken internet router.
Part 2 — Build the CultureBot Class

Use Hofstede's Dimensions to decide behavioral strategy:

  • Tone — use Power Distance Index: Authoritative (high) vs. Collaborative (low).
  • Reward — use Individualism: Personal Status (high) vs. Community Harmony (low).
  • Safety Net — use Uncertainty Avoidance: Rigid Manual (high) vs. Experimental Sandbox (low).
  • Wildcard — use Long-Term Orientation: create a custom feature (e.g., near-term vs. long-horizon benefit).
CountryPower DistanceIndividualismUncertainty AvoidanceLong-Term Orientation
United States40914626
Germany35676583
Brazil69387644
Vietnam70203080
Starter Code
class CultureBot:
    def __init__(self, country, power_distance, individualism,
                 uncertainty_avoidance, long_term_orientation):
        self.country = country
        self.power_distance = power_distance
        self.individualism = individualism
        self.uncertainty_avoidance = uncertainty_avoidance
        self.long_term_orientation = long_term_orientation

    def generate_response(self, task):
        # 1. SET THE TONE (Power Distance Index)
        # 2. SET THE INCENTIVE (Individualism vs. Collectivism)
        # 3. SET THE PRECISION (Uncertainty Avoidance Index)
        # 4. WILDCARD: THE TIMELINE (Long-Term Orientation)
        pass

usa_bot = CultureBot("United States", 40, 91, 46, 26)
brazil_bot = CultureBot("Brazil", 69, 38, 76, 44)

print(usa_bot.generate_response("Save $100"))
print(brazil_bot.generate_response("Save $100"))
Part 3 — Pace Layer Audit
  1. Shearing Layers. Your AI updates daily (fast layer). If it gives advice that contradicts a slow layer like tradition in Vietnam, which will win long-term? How did you code your AI to avoid this conflict?
  2. Infrastructure Constraint. If your Brazil user is on a 10-year-old cracked smartphone with limited data, does your personality code help or hurt them? Should the AI downgrade to save data?
  3. Creative Justification. Why did you choose the specific tone or reward for your scenario?
DeliverableWeight
Python script (.py)70%
Reflection document (three questions above)30%
Bonus: Add a fifth country with justified Hofstede scores+10 pts
Week 05 Analyzing Global User Interfaces Through Cultural Dimensions ↗ Slides

Examining websites, mobile apps, and AI interfaces designed for different countries; identifying how cultural dimensions may have influenced interface features and interaction styles; and using Hofstede's framework as an analytical tool to critique user interface designs.

Reading

Assignment 1: Cultural Dimensions Analysis

Required Readings and Video

For each reading and the video, provide:

  1. Key Insights (2–4 lines, 12 pts each) — summarize the most important ideas or arguments.
  2. Implications for AI Design (2–4 lines, 13 pts each) — explain how these ideas could influence the design of culturally aware AI systems.
SourcePoints
Reading 125
Reading 225
Reading 325
Video25
Total100
Important: Full credit for submitting. Inability to engage in class discussion results in a score of 0.
Mini Project

Assignment 2: AI Wearables for the Military

Design intelligent goggles that help U.S. military members have more effective interactions with civilians in foreign countries (Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, or other distinct cultural contexts). Communicate your design through a short article.

Your Article Should Include
  1. Goggle Design and Concept (50%) — diagram, storyboard, mockup, or visual representation with a one-paragraph description of how the system works.
  2. Cultural Dimensions and Cultural Elements (25%) — relevant cultural dimensions, values, rituals, norms, and communication practices, and why they matter in military-civilian interactions.
  3. Interface Design Features (25%) — specific features and how they help military personnel interact effectively. Connect decisions to Hofstede's theory and other cultural frameworks.

Format: 2 pages, single-spaced, PDF preferred. Include diagrams, mockups, or storyboards.

Reference: Steed (2009) — Cultural Challenges Facing the Military

Week 06 AI and Cultural Perspectives on Time and Communication ↗ Slides
Seminar

Student-Led Seminar

Weight: 30% of Final Grade

Overview

Your group will act as Seminar Leaders for half a class session (~1 hour). Move beyond presenting information — teach your classmates about a novel intersection between culture and AI. Curate learning materials, deliver a lecture, and facilitate an engaging classroom activity.

Topic Selection
  • Topic A: Global Philosophies and Non-Western AI Ethics
  • Topic B: Decolonial and Indigenous AI Design
  • Topic C: Preservation of Tangible and Intangible Heritage
  • Topic D: AI in the Creative Economy
  • Topic E: Socio-Technical Governance and Cultural Resilience
Deliverables

A. Preparatory Packet

  • Reading list (paper, book chapter, or essay)
  • Watch list (videos, documentaries, lectures)
  • 250-word pre-class discussion prompt

B. Seminar Presentation

  • 30–45 minute lecture with professional, visually engaging slides
  • Clear explanation of both cultural and AI concepts
  • Do not read from slides

C. Active Learning Activity

  • 10–20 minute interactive activity (e.g., Misconception Detective, Reverse Engineering, Idea Line-Up)
Submission

Group project. Each student submits the Learning Package individually. One team member submits the package to the TA and instructor on the Friday before the Monday seminar.

Week 07 UX, Culture Theory, and AI ↗ Slides

After this week you should be able to: describe the Standard Machine Learning Pattern; determine where it fails when connected to culture; describe often overlooked factors that impact the pattern; define common ML performance terminology; justify where iteration is most important; and begin to understand how to create ML models and AI interfaces for different regions.

Quiz this week. Come prepared!
Reading

Understanding AI Design for the Global South and Underrepresented Communities 📕

Read all three papers, then for each provide:

  1. Key insights of reading (2–4 lines): 15 points
  2. How you envision the reading could help your UX designs (2–4 lines): 15 points

Each reading is worth 30 points (90 pts total). At the end, write 1–2 sentences about what you enjoyed most from the readings (10 pts). Total: 100 points.

Required Readings
Your submission may be selected for discussion in class. Be prepared to present to the group during class time.